I’ve been so busy with studying that I forgot how valuable typing up confusing things can be.
Ideal Gases: By using ideal gases, we are able to study the effects of temperature, pressure, volume, and mol amount of gas. By the simple equation PV=nRT, all variable relationships can be seen. Ideal gases are best used at high temperature and low pressures to decrease any chance of intermolecular attraction
Avagadro’s Law: V1/n1 = V2/n2. Simply put, as the amount of gas increases in an expandable container, the volume will increase. An example would be blowing up a balloon.
Charles Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2. As the temperature of a gas increases, so does the volume.
Boyle’s Law: P1*V1 = P2*V2. Pressure and volume are inversely related (in a non-linear way. As one increases, the other decreases.
Real Gases: Here comes the semi-confusing part. At low temperatures and high pressures, the size of the gas molecules becomes noticeable. The real volume will always be higher. Videal = [Vreal - (nb)] where b is a constant that is always positive. If you solve for Vreal, you can see that Videal + nb is a larger number than the ideal volume. Pressure is slightly (but not by much) more complicated. When the molecules are attracted to each other through forces like dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, or ionic attractions, the pressure will decrease. This means that Preal<Pideal. When they repel, there will be a great pressure against the walls of the container Preal>Pideal. This part of the equation is Pobs = Preal + (n^2/V^2)(a). Solving for Preal, well see that it is equal to Preal = Pideal - (n^2/V^2)(a). If the molecules are attracted to each other, “a” is a positive number and Preal is less than Pideal. If the molecules are repelled by one another, “a” is a negative number, and Pdeal will be added to the (a) value creating a higher Preal.
It’s much more simple to remember that when molecules are attracted, they come together and there will be less pressure. (a = +) When they repel, there is a large pressure against the walls of the container (b = - ). For volume, the real volume is always greater than the ideal volume.
Combining the equations, we get [Preal + (a)(n^2/V^2)][Videal - nb] = nRT
